The clinical characteristics of nail involvement in pemphigus patients and the correlation between nail involvement and the severity of pemphigus / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of nail involvement in patients with pemphigus and the correlation between nail damage and the severity of pemphigus.Methods:The clinical data of 23 patients with pemphigus combined with nail damage admitted to the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2011 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, the manifestations of pemphigus combined with nail damage were summarized. The nail damage number of patients with pemphigus complicated with nail damage of different genders were analyzed, as well as the distribution of nail damage in nail and toenail. The titer of anti-desmocoglycoprotein(dsg) antibody was detected in all patients. The relationship between nail damage and disease severity and course in pemphigus patients was analyzed.Results:A total of 132 damage nails were found in 23 patients (14 males and 9 females) with pemphigus, including 66 nails in male, 66 nails in female, 82 nails and 50 toenails. There were 10 forms of nail damage, of which chronic paronychia was the most common. The number of damage nails between different genders in pemphigus patients was statistically significant (χ 2=9.183, P<0.001). The distribution of nail and toenail damage in pemphigus patients was statistically significant (χ 2=10.880, P<0.001). Of the 23 patients, only 3 were positive for dsg1 and 1 was positive for dsg3. There were 19 patients with both positive for dsg1 and dsg3. The titers of dsg1 and dsg3 were compared in 14 patients before and after nail damage. The results showed that the titers of anti-dsg antibody in pemphigus patients after nail damage were significantly higher than before. Thirteen of the 23 patients had nail damage at the time of the initial onset of pemphigus. The nail damage occurred from 6 weeks before the onset to 4 weeks after the onset. The nail damage occurred in 10 patients when the disease recurred. The nail damage occurred within 4 weeks before or at the same time with the blister. Conclusions:The number of damage nails per capita in female patients with pemphigus and nail damage was significantly higher than that in male patients, and nail damage was more common. The titers of anti-dsg antibody will be at a high level when pemphigus patients with nail damage, and the condition gets worse. Nail involvement is positive to the severity of the disease, and it can prolong the time of disease.

Network pharmacology-based prediction of potential effective components of traditional Chinese medicine and their molecular mechanisms of action in the anti-angiogenic treatment of Kaposi′s sarcoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate potential effective components of traditional Chinese medicine and their molecular mechanisms of action in the anti-angiogenic treatment of Kaposi′s sarcoma based on network pharmacology, and to predict key targets and signal pathways in the anti-angiogenic treatment of Kaposi′s sarcoma with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:According to the previous network pharmacology-based analysis results, main chemical components and targets of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Cortex Mori, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and Fructus Perillae were obtained by using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP); potential therapeutic targets for angiogenesis and Kaposi′s sarcoma were obtained by searching the GeneCard, OMIM, DrugBank and TTD databases, and a Venn diagram was constructed to obtain targets for the interaction between Kaposi′s sarcoma and anti-angiogenic drug components; a protein-protein interaction model was constructed using the STRING 11.5 platform; the Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to construct the component-target visual network. Meanwhile, the Metascape platform was used to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) functions and the enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) -based pathways. The main active ingredients and core targets obtained through the above analyses were then verified by molecular docking. Results:The core components of anti-Kaposi′s sarcoma angiogenesis drugs were resveratrol (degree: 142), quercetin (degree: 141), kaempferol (degree: 56), luteolin (degree: 56), β-sitosterol (degree: 37), arachidonic acid (degree: 36), naringenin (degree: 36), etc., and the core target was prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). KEGG analysis revealed that the cancer signaling pathways were the important pathways related to the inhibiton of angiogenesis in Kaposi′s sarcoma; functional enrichment analysis showed that the positive regulation of cell migration was the most significantly enriched GO term in the biological process category. Molecular docking results showed that resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin had good affinity with PTGS2, especially quercetin and luteolin exhibited the strongest binding abilities to PTGS2, with the binding energies being -9.4 and -9.5 kcal/mol, respectively.Conclusion:This study showed that the 4 traditional Chinese medicines recorded in TCMSP (including Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati., Cortex Mori, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and Fructus Perillae) may play an anti-angiogenic role by regulating cancer signaling pathways and acting on targets such as PTGS2, and predicted the possible anti-angiogenesis mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines in Kaposi′s sarcoma.

Biomarkers related to the treatment of melanoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors / 中华皮肤科杂志

Recently, great breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of melanoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, only a small proportion of patients show a long-lasting response to immunotherapy, and risks of immune-related adverse events and drug resistance have been also increasing along with the emergence of combination treatment. This review summarizes biomarkers related to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma, aiming to predict and screen out patients who may benefit from immunotherapy, guide individualized clinical treatment, and reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and adverse reactions.

Gut microbiota and immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of melanoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

A growing number of studies have shown that gut microbiota affects the development of melanoma through various mechanisms, and plays a vital role in the treatment of melanoma. This review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and the development of melanoma, the effect of gut microbiota on the checkpoint blockade immunotherapy of melanoma and related adverse effects.

Association between clinicopathological characteristics and gene mutations in 94 cases of cutaneous melanoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate associations between clinicopathological characteristics and mutations in susceptibility genes in cutaneous melanoma (CMM) .Methods:A total of 94 patients with confirmed CMM were collected from People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January to December in 2019, and their clinical and histopathological characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. In 48 paraffin-embedded melanoma tissue specimens, Sanger sequencing was performed to detect mutations in the BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT genes and the promoter region of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, and the association between gene mutations and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Measurement data were compared using t test, and enumeration data were compared using chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:Among the 94 patients with CMM, there were 46 (48.9%) males and 48 (51.1%) females, with the age being 58.5 ± 16.0 years; 41 (43.6%) patients were of Han nationality, and 53 (56.4%) were of ethnic minorities. Skin lesions were located at the acral sites in 50 (53.2%) patients, including 27 (28.7%) of Han nationality; non-acral skin lesions occurred in 44 (46.8%) , including 14 (31.8%) of Han nationality; there was a significant difference in the nationality distribution between the acral CMM group and non-acral CMM group ( χ2 = 5.25, P = 0.022) . Histopathological examination showed CMM of Clark grades Ⅳ or Ⅴ in 41 (43.6%) cases, ulcers in 52 (55.3%) cases, and lymph node metastasis in 32 (34.04%) cases at the first clinic visit. Gene sequencing revealed BRAF gene mutations in 11 (22.9%) of 48 cases, including c.1799 T>A (p.V600E) , c.1790 T>A (p.L597Q) and c.1394 C>T (p.S465F) ; NRAS gene mutation c.182 A>G (p.Q61R) was identified in 5 (10.4%) cases; c-KIT gene mutations were identified in 6 (12.5%) cases, including c.1727 T>C (p.L576P) and c.1669 T>C (p.W557R) ; mutations in the promoter region of hTERT gene were identified in 7 (14.6%) cases, including 4 cases with a mutation at 124 bp upstream of the ATG start codon (C228T) and 3 cases with a mutation at 146 bp upstream of the ATG start codon (C250T) . Among 26 patients aged < 60 years, BRAF gene mutations were found in 9, and the incidence of BRAF gene mutations was significantly higher in the patients aged < 60 years than in those aged ≥ 60 years (2/22, P < 0.05) , but significantly lower in the patients with acral CMM (3/27) than in those with non-acral CMM (8/21, P < 0.05) ; the incidences of the NRAS, c-KIT and hTERT gene mutations were all significantly higher in the patients with lymph node metastases (3/10, 4/10, 4/10, respectively) than in those without (2/38, 2/38, 3/38, respectively, all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:CMM lesion locations significantly differed among different ethnic groups; the BRAF gene mutation was associated with the age of patients and lesion locations of CMM; NRAS, c-KIT gene mutations and hTERT promoter mutations were closely related to lymph node metastasis.

Mechanisms underlying synergistic induction and promotion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice by ultraviolet light and human papillomavirus 16 E6 / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To establish a xenograft model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in nude mice, and to explore mechanisms underlying synergistic induction and promotion of CSCC in nude mice by ultraviolet radiation and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Methods:The human CSCC A431 cells were divided into 3 groups, namely HPV16 E6 overexpression group (LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group) transfected with adenovirus-mediated HPV16 E6 gene, empty vector group transfected with empty adenovirus vectors, and blank control group remaining untransfected. Using serum-free Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium (DMEM) , A431 cells in the empty vector group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group were prepared into single-cell suspensions, which were subcutaneously inoculated into the left buttocks of SKH-1 nude mice separately, namely empty vector group ( n = 16) and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group ( n = 16) . Tumor growth was observed and recorded for the mice every 3 days. When the tumor size reached 150 mm 3, the modeling was considered successful. After successful modeling, 8 mice in each group were irradiated with ultraviolet light at a dose of 1 440 mJ·cm -2·d -1 for 12 minutes each time, the other 8 mice in each group received no ultraviolet radiation, that is to say, all the 32 mice were divided into 4 groups: empty vector group, empty vector + UV group, LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group, and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group. After 4-week radiation, these nude mice were sacrificed, tumor weight and volume were measured, a tumor growth curve was drawn, immunohistochemistry study, Western blot analysis and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were conducted to determine the protein and mRNA expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin in CSCC tissues collected from nude mice, respectively. For normally distributed measurement data, analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparisons, and least significant difference- t test for multiple comparisons; for non-normally distributed measurement data, rank sum test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results:Compared with the empty vector group (2.20 ± 0.24 g) , the tumor weight significantly increased in the empty vector + UV group (2.90 ± 0.36 g, t = 4.39, P < 0.001) , LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (3.19 ± 0.32 g, t = 6.77, P < 0.001) , and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group (4.41 ± 0.18 g, t = 20.11, P < 0.001) ; the tumor volume was also significantly higher in the empty vector + UV group (1 033.12 ± 400.15 mm 3, t = 1.90, P < 0.001) , LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (1 119.21 ± 447.57 mm 3, t = 2.21, P < 0.001) , and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group (1 464.29 ± 409.98 mm 3, t = 4.22, P < 0.001) than in the empty vector group (688.94 ± 319.31 mm 3) . Immunohistochemical study showed no significant difference in the protein expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 0.76, 0.71, respectively, both P > 0.05) ; Western blot analysis showed significant differences in the protein expression levels of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 16.74, 49.90, respectively, both P < 0.05) , which were significantly higher in the LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group than in the empty vector group, empty vector + UV group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (all P < 0.05) . qRT-PCR showed a significant difference in the mRNA expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin among the 4 groups ( F = 7.77, 8.38, respectively, both P<0.05) , and the LV-OE-HPV16 E6 + UV group showed significantly increased Wnt1 mRNA expression levels compared with the empty vector group, empty vector + UV group and LV-OE-HPV16 E6 group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Ultraviolet radiation and HPV infection showed synergistic effect on the induction and promotion of CSCC.

Effect of azacitidine on HOXA9 gene expression and biological behaviors of A375 melanoma cells / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of the methyltransferase inhibitor azacitidine (5-azaC) on the expression of homeobox A9 (HOXA9) gene in, as well as proliferation, invasion and migration of A375 cells.Methods:In vitro cultured A375 cells were treated with 5-azaC at various concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L, while routinely cultured A375 cells receiving no drug intervention served as control group. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to analyze methylation status of the HOXA9 gene promoter region after the treatment with different concentrations of 5-azaC, in order to screen the optimal concentration of 5-azaC for following experiments. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was conducted to evaluate the proliferation of A375 cells, Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to estimate the invasion and migration of A375 cells, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression of HOXA9 in A375 cells after 5-azaC treatment. Two-independent-sample t test was used for comparisons between two groups. Results:Methylation was observed in the HOXA9 gene promoter region in A375 cells in the control group. After 5-azaC treatment, methylated and unmethylated states coexisted in the HOXA9 gene promoter region in A375 cells, and the higher the concentration of 5-azaC, the higher the degree of demethylation of the HOXA9 gene. Therefore, 20 μmol/L 5-azaC was selected to treat A375 cells for 72 hours, which served as 5-azaC treatment group in subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, the 5-azaC treatment group showed significantly decreased cellular proliferative ability (72.46% ± 2.19% vs. 100%, t = 28.09, P < 0.001) , significantly decreased number of invasive cells (242.70 ± 29.19 vs. 466.00 ± 22.65, t = 10.47, P < 0.001) , significantly decreased migratory ability (27.56% ± 2.74% vs. 35.69% ± 2.50%, t = 3.79, P = 0.019) , significantly increased HOXA9 mRNA expression (1.73 ± 0.28 vs. 1.01 ± 0.15, t = 3.93, P = 0.017) , and significantly increased HOXA9 protein expression (0.62 ± 0.03 vs. 0.50 ± 0.01, t = 3.82, P = 0.019) . Conclusion:5-azaC can inhibit the proliferative, invasive and migratory ability of A375 melanoma cells, and one of the possible mechanisms underlying this process may be that 5-azaC reverses the methylation in the HOXA9 gene promoter region, activates HOXA9 gene expression, and participates in the regulation of biological behaviors of melanoma cells.

Screening of DNA methylation sites associated with melanoma and construction of an aberrant methylation profile: a preliminary study / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To screen aberrant DNA methylation sites associated with melanoma using gene chip technology, and to preliminarily construct a melanoma-specific methylation profile.Methods:The Illumina Human Methylation 450K whole-genome methylation chip was used to detect the whole-genome DNA in 6 melanoma tissues and their paralesional skin tissues, and DNA differentially methylated sites were obtained. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) -based pathway analysis were carried out to investigate gene functions.Results:Gene chip testing showed that there were 27 779 differentially methylated sites between melanoma tissues and paralesional tissues, of which 16 673 were hypermethylated sites and 11 106 were hypomethylated sites in melanoma tissues. According to more stringent screening criteria " P < 0.01 and |Δβ| > 0.2", a total of 4 883 differentially methylated sites were screened out after filtering out all single nucleotide polymorphism-related probes, probes located on the XY chromosomes and cross-reactive probes, 1 459 (30%) of which were located in the promoter region including TSS1500, TSS200, 5′UTR and 1st Exon. GO enrichment analysis showed that differentially methylated genes were involved in many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, movement and migration, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, etc. KEGG-based pathway analysis showed that differentially methylated genes were mainly involved in signaling pathways, such as focal adhesion pathway, cancer pathways, transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, melanogenesis pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, adhesion junction pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecule pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. Based on the criteira "the top 16 most differentially methylated genes related to hypermethylated sites in the promoter region, the genes with the highest methylation frequency (CpG sites ≥ 7) , the genes with certain functions or involved in a certain signaling pathway", 8 genes (KAAG1, DGKE, SOCS2, TFAP2A, GNMT, GALNT3, ANK2 and HOXA9) were selected as candidate biomarkers for melanoma. Conclusion:There are many hypermethylated genes in melanoma tissues, and 8 differentially methylated genes may serve as biomarkers for melanoma.

Clinicopathological features and related factors of postoperative recurrence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and factors related to recurrence in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 279 patients with CSCC diagnosed by histopathology in department of dermatology, plastic surgery, burns and oral and maxillofacial surgery of People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2019 were collected. They were divided into relapse group ( n=114) and non relapse group ( n=165) according to postoperative recurrence. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to analyze the related factors of CSCC recurrence. Results:Among 279 patients with CSCC surgery, the ratio of male to female was about 1.82∶1; the average age of onset (59.3±14.2)years, age ≥60 years (58.1%) was significantly higher; the average course of disease was 24 months; the incidence of exposed sites (88.2%) was significantly higher than that of non-exposed sites (11.8%); the degree of pathological differentiation was 182(65.2%) cases; postoperative wound healing: good 244 cases (87.5%), poor healing 35 cases (12.5%); first postoperative pathological margin: 239(85.7%) negative and 40(14.3%) positive; 60(21.5%) cases had lymph node metastasis occurred at the CSCC of diagnosis, and 219(78.5%) did not occur. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression showed that the course of disease, the location of the disease, the healing of the postoperative area, the pathological condition of the first incision margin, and whether there was lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis were related to the recurrence of CSCC ( OR all >1.6). In addition, the correlation between gender, age, lesion length, preoperative skin ulceration, pathological differentiation, adjuvant radiotherapy and other factors on the recurrence of CSCC was not clear, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The course of disease (≥ 20 months), the site of the disease (the exposed part of the head), the wound healing (poor), the pathological condition of the first margin (positive) and the lymph node metastasis (with metastasis) were the risk factors for recurrence of CSCC. Early and accurate diagnosis is of great significance for the prognosis of CSCC, especially for patients with independent risk factors, early sentinel lymph node biopsy can detect metastasis and deal with it in time, so as to improve the prognosis of CSCC patients.

Mechanism and immunotherapy of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and host immunity in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Kaposi sarcoma is a multiple pigmented hemangioma of soft tissue. The etiology of Kaposi sarcoma is still unclear. Its occurrence is related to Kaposi sarcoma-related herpesvirus. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus plays an important role in the occurrence and development of Kaposi sarcoma by interfering with the pattern recognition receptors, complement system, or effecting on the immune cells directly to evasive host immune system. The immune modulators, immunotherapy of targeted drugs and vaccines are expected to be the new methods for the prevention and treatment of Kaposi sarcoma.

Protective effect of isorhamnetin on oxidative stress injury of HaCaT cells induced by H 2O 2 / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of isorhamnetin on oxidative stress injury of HaCaT cells induced by H 2O 2. Methods:HaCaT cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of H 2O 2 (300, 600, 900, 1 200 μmol/L) for 12 h. Cell proliferation activity was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay; SOD activity was detected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by MDA assay. The oxidative stress model was established by the selection of suitable H 2O 2 concentration. HaCaT cells were pretreated with isorhamnetin at different concentrations for 12 h, and cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8 method to determine the safe concentration of isorhamnetin for subsequent experiments. HaCaT cells were pretreated with safe concentration of isorhamnetin for 12 h, and H 2O 2 was used to interfere with HaCaT cells for 12 h. Cell proliferation activity, SOD activity and MDA content were detected. Results:With the increase of H 2O 2 concentration, the cell survival rate decreased gradually, the SOD activity decreased gradually and MDA content increased gradually. Compared with the control group, the survival rate of 600, 900 and 1 200 μmol/L H 2O 2 groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05); The SOD activity and MDA content of H 2O 2 groups (300, 600, 900, 1 200 μmol/L) were significantly different from those of the control group ( P<0.05). The oxidative stress model of HaCaT cells was established by 600 μmol/L H 2O 2. HaCaT cells treated with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μmol/L isorhamnetin for 12 h showed no cytotoxic effect. 20, 40 and 60 μmol/L isorhamnetin was selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with H 2O 2 groups, the cell proliferation activity in 40 and 60 μmol/L isornetin groups was significantly increased [(72.21±5.11)%, (76.08±4.91)%, P<0.05], SOD activity increased (19.81±0.38, 20.52±0.52, 15.45±3.13, P<0.05) and MDA content decreased (35.94±0.31, 22.04±0.26, 19.26±1.36, P<0.05). Conclusions:The flavonoid isorhamnetin has a protective effect on oxidative stress injury induced by H 2O 2 in HaCaT cells, suggesting that isorhamnetin may be a potential drug component in the treatment of vitiligo.

Clinical features and reflectance confocal microscopy characteristics of vulvar lichen sclerosus / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) characteristics of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).Methods:RCM examination was carried out in 34 patients who were preliminarily diagnosed as VLS in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2018 to June 2019, the results of the various indicators were recorded, and then a histopathological examination was performed at the same site.The RCM image characteristics were analyzed against histopathological manifestations, after that the results were compared and calculated the consistency rate of these image features.Results:The RCM image features of 28 patients with VLS were as follows: the thickness of spinous layer of lesion was thinner than that of surrounding normal skin (epidermis atrophy) in 21 cases (75%); hyper reflectance in basal layer was decreased in 21 cases (75%); In 16 (57.14%)cases, the basal cell ring was absent at the junction of the epidermis, the boundary was blurred, and the infiltration of mononuclear cells and scattered round like large cells in the superficial dermis (liquefaction and degeneration of basal cells); 28 cases (100%) had increased refractive index of superficial dermis (collagen homogenization). The coincidence rates with histopathological examination were 89.29%, 92.86%, 85.71% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the increase of refractive index in the superficial dermis were the highest, reaching 96.53% and 62.35%. The highest specificity was 92.82% in the presence of epidermal atrophy and the increase of refractive index of superficial dermis.Conclusions:The RCM images of VLS were highly consistent with the histopathological examination.It also has high sensitivity and specificity.Combined with clinical manifestations, it can provide effective help for the diagnosis of vulvar lichen sclerosus and the judgment of therapeutic efficacy.

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase and cutaneous malignant tumor / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a catalytic subunit of telomerase and is closely related to immortalization of cells, tumorigenesis and senescence of cells. hTERT has a great relationship with the occurrence and development of skin malignant tumors (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous lymphoma, etc.). Abnormal expression of hTERT has important clinical application value in early diagnosis, individualized comprehensive treatment and prognosis evaluation of cutaneous malignant tumors.

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase and cutaneous malignant tumor / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)is a catalytic subunit of telomerase and is closely related to immortalization of cells,tumorigenesis and senescence of cells. hTERT has a great relation-ship with the occurrence and development of skin malignant tumors (melanoma,squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma,cutaneous lymphoma,etc. ). Abnormal expression of hTERT has important clinical appli-cation value in early diagnosis,individualized comprehensive treatment and prognosis evaluation of cutaneous malignant tumors.

Application of local flaps in repair of defects after resection of nasal skin tumors / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of local flaps on repair of defects after surgical removal of nasal skin tumors.Methods A total of 65 patients with nasal skin tumors were enrolled from Department of Dermatology,People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between March 2015 and August 2016,and subjected to surgical removal of the nasal skin tumors.According to the location,size,shape and surrounding skin of the nasal defects,nasolabial fold flaps,modified rhomboid flaps,bilobed flaps or frontal nasal flaps were chosen to repair skin and soft tissue defects.Results Of the 65 patients with nasal skin tumors,38 had basal cell carcinoma,20 pigmented nevus,5 keratoacanthoma,and 2 had squamous cell carcinoma.The lengths of the defects after resection were all below 2.5 cm.Nasolabial fold flaps were used in 32 cases,modified rhomboid flaps in 16,bilobed flaps in 12,and frontal nasal flaps in 5.All the flaps survived after the surgery,and no obvious deformation of the nose was observed.No recurrence was observed during 1 year of follow-up.Conclusion For skin defects with the length ≤ 2.5 cm after resection of nasal skin tumors,nasolabial fold flaps,modified rhomboid flaps,bilobed flaps and frontal nasal flaps can be used to repair wounds,with satisfactory efficacy.

Drug resistance mechanism and treatment strategy for targeted therapy of melanoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Drug resistance of targeted therapy gradually emerges in the treatment of melanoma.Currently known mechanisms of drug resistance include reactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway,activation of MAPK alternative pathway,effects of tumor microenvironment,and abnormal expression of microRNA.Through the combination of targeted drugs,immunological combination therapy and other strategies can delay the occurrence of drug resistance,thereby prolonging the survival of patients.

Biomarkers for malignant melanoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers.The pathogenesis of melanoma has not been well documented,which may restrict the research and development of biomarkers and therapies.Recently,with the further study of the pathogenesis of melanoma and the development of molecular biology techniques,some new biomarkers have been found to play an important role in melanoma.Several genetic and epigenetic factors have been identified as contributing to the development and progression of melanoma.Considerable efforts have been made to classify melanoma into distinct subtypes based on genetic mutations and gene expression profile offer important information on patients' prognosis and individual treatment options.Epigenetic alterations can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for melanoma and can be used as a new biomarker for predicting prognosis and predicting disease.And the discovery of biomarkers for melanoma provides a theoretical basis for early diagnosis,individualized treatment and prognosis.

Analysis on the different expression of autontinuclear antibody in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus between Uygur and Han / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the difference of serum autoantibody spectrum in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods ENA antibody in SLE patients was detected by immunoblotting,and anti nuclear antibody (ANA) was detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF),and the specific fluores-cence model was checked by microscope under fluorescence microscope.The results were statistically pro-cessed and evaluated.Results The positive rate of Ro-52(19.7%) and SSA (40.9%)in Han was higher than that in the Uygur,and the difference was statistically significant (7.5% and 30.0%,P<0.05).And the positive rate of perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA),proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and histone in Han (20.0%,27.5%,42.5%,respectively) was lower than that in the Uygur (7.0%, 11.3% and 18.31%,P<0.01).There were significant differences in the expression of nucleosome and P-Prot antibody titers among different ethnic groups,the positive rate of nucleosome antibody in Uygur group (17.50%)was higher than that in Han group (11.27%,χ2=8.37,P<0.05).Compared with the Han group (18.31%),the P-Prot antibody was also increased in the Uygur group (42.50%,χ2=9.55,P<0.05).The positive rate of nucleosome antibody in Uygur patients with homogeneous positive samples was significantly higher than that in Han patients (χ2=10.43,P<0.01).Conclusion T he positive rates of anti-Ro-52,SSA,P-ANCA,PCNA and histone antibodies were different in patients with SLE,and there were significant differ-ences betweenin nucleosome and P-Prot antibody titer,which was of great significance in the diagnosis and the selection of the target for the treatment of SLE.

Correlation analysis between the expression of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine and invasion, metastasis and prognosis of melanoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To detect the level of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5-hmc)in melanoma tissues,and to analyze the correlation between 5-hmc and the invasion,metastasis and prognosis of melanoma.Methods A streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method was used to detect the level of 5-hmc in 67 melanoma tissues and 20 pigmented nevi tissues.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox's proportional hazards regression model to analyze the correlation between the expression of 5-hmc and the prognosis of melanoma.Results The expression rate of 5-hmc was significantly lower in melanoma tissues than in pigmented nevus tissues (40.30％ [27/67] vs.75％ [15/20],22 =7.428,P =0.006).According to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system,the expression level of 5-hmc was significantly lower in the stage Ⅳ melanoma tissues than in the stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ melanoma tissues (x2 =4.416,P =0.036).Patients with lymph node metastasis showed significantly lower expression of 5-hmc compared with those without lymph node metastasis (x2 =5.902,P =0.015),and the level of 5-hmc expression significantly decreased along with the increase of Clark grade (x2 =4.828,P =0.028).There were no significant differences in the level of 5-hmc expression between patients of different ages,genders or nationalities (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that distant lymph node metastasis (HR:2.67,95％ CI:1.22-5.84),not receiving surgical resection (HR:0.41,95％ CI:0.18-0.95),and low expression of 5-hmc (HR:3.54,95％ CI:1.09-11.43)were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of melanoma.Conclusion 5-Hmc may participate in the invasion and metastasis of melanoma,and be associated with the prognosis of melanoma.

Clinical manifestations and histopathological features of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate clinical manifestations,morphological characteristics of skin lesions,and histopathological features of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (CRDD).Methods Basic information and clinical data were collected from 20 patients with CRDD.According to the morphological characteristics,the skin lesions were classified into different types,and then subjected to histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining.Results Of the 20 patients with CRDD,11 had multiple lesions,and 9 had solitary lesions.Skin lesions involved single anatomical site in 16 patients,multiple anatomical sites in 4 patients,and there were a total of 24 involved anatomical sites.Skin lesions on the 24 sites were divided into 3 main types,including papulonodular type (10/24,41.67％),infiltrating plaque type (12/24,50.00％) and tumor-like type (2/24,8.33％).Of the 20 patients,6 had mixed-type skin lesions,including 5 with papulonodular-type lesions complicated by infiltrating plaque-type lesions,and 1 with infiltrating plaque-type lesions complicated by tumor-like lesions.There were similar histopathological manifestations of skin lesions among the 24 involved anatomical sites.Concretely speaking,varying numbers of large histiocytes were scattered or distributed in sheets in the dermis and/or subcutaneous adipose tissue,with infiltration of plenty of inflammatory cells,mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells.Moreover,varying numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils were observed in the cytoplasm of histiocytes.Immunohistochemically,these histiocytes were stained positive for S100 and CD68,but negative for CD1a.At 17 anatomical sites,lesions affected the full-thickness dermis,and the subcutaneous adipose tissues were involved at 13 of 17 sites.Of the 24 involved anatomical sites,lesions only affected the superficial to middle dermis at 6 sites,and affected the deep dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue at 1 site.There were no obvious differences in the extent of lesion involvement and pattern of inflammatory infiltration among different morphological types of skin lesions.Conclusions CRDD mainly manifests as papulonodular-type and infiltrating plaque-type lesions,and tumor-like lesions are rare.Histopathologically,varying numbers of emperipoletic histiocytes can be observed in lesions of different types.